SDG 5 aims to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Browse books and journal articles relating to this SDG below and find out more on the UN Sustainable Development Goals website.
This chapter examines the subjective gendered experiences of second generation Arab American young women. Based on 22 in-depth interviews, we examine how these women think about their educational and occupational goals, how they experience college, and the ways in which they blend gendered “Arab” and “American” cultural expectations. This study finds that Arab American young women weave together a variety of approaches toward blending what we call collective-family and individualist gendered cultural ideals. These approaches exist on a continuum. At one end is the collective-family approach, which emphasizes cultural ideals based on family needs and desires, including early marriage and childbearing. At the other end of the continuum are young women who embrace individualist approaches, emphasizing their individual desires and aspirations. In contrast, single, young, Arab American women typically occupied a middle point on the continuum, as they combined the collective-family and individualist approaches.
This chapter is based on the Hungarian Youth Research 2012, in which 8000 young people aged 15-29 were interviewed within a national representative sociological examination. In this study, the issue of international migration, especially of foreign employment trends, and the mobility intentions and attitudes of young Hungarians in terms of gender differences are examined.The global social contexts of the migration process in Hungary are examined through the theory of dual or segmented labor market, mobility theories, and models of integration. In 2011, many European Union’s member states opened their labor markets to Hungarian workers, so more and more young people consider working abroad within the legal framework as an attractive prospect. This chapter analyzed what causes and motivations lie behind international migration, and what factors influenced young Hungarians to work or study abroad. It also discussed the factors that increase or hinder the migratory propensity, and the differences of opinion between young women and men.
Between 1869 and 1967, tens of thousands of British children, mainly from poor backgrounds, were selected for permanent emigration to the British settler Dominions. Crucial in carrying out this social policy were government-funded private philanthropic societies such as for example the Child Emigration Society (CES). This society shaped social welfare policy by organizing the permanent migration of British children to special Fairbridge Farm Schools in the Dominions, where they would grow up and be trained to become farmers and farmer’s wives on the land.This chapter examines the underlying motivations and aims of the British government and of the CES to develop, fund, and carry out this social welfare policy during the interwar period. Special focus is placed on the (gendered) experience of growing up on a Fairbridge Farm School. The strategies of action used by the CES in order to gain the support of the wider public, and in the political sphere for their undertaking is analyzed.
Between 1875 and 1914, the number of British children assisted by philanthropic institutions to the dominions and crown colonies increased substantially. This chapter looks at juvenile emigrants to examine the relationship between empire, juvenile labor and the category of youth. After briefly examining, the social benefits associated with childhood, the chapter illustrates how emigrants were divided into cohorts, defined by age and work responsibilities. For children who were under the age of eight, emigration provided healthy domestic environments in which they would be nurtured: labor ceased to be associated with emigration. For older children work continued to be the rationale for assisted emigration. Furthermore, the nature of juvenile employment shifted from disciplinary tasks to productive work. Thus, emigration did not restore or protect childhood, but was a means of securing an environment in which the youth might successfully be situated between socio-economic dependency and adult independence.
Gender is a factor of youth migration; it shapes the roles, capacities, access to resources, and cultural expectations in society. Gender defines who leaves and who stays behind in the place of origin, or the extent from which the youth travels outside of their own communities. This collection is possibly the first to present the intersection of gender and youth migration with encompassing themes related to imperial histories, negotiating identities, education, and work using diverse studies in Canada, France, Hungary, Bangladesh, Turkey, Italy, Albania, Ethiopia, U.K. and the U.S. Gendered modalities suggest that there are particular ways or modes in which gender as a system of power relations become manifest in youth migration, either voluntarily or coerced, and consequently, their negotiation of structures and limiting social practices.Gender and youth are intrinsically connected to migration, and this book is about these connections in multidisciplinary perspectives in an increasingly globalized world.
Gender is a factor of youth migration; it shapes the roles, capacities, access to resources, and cultural expectations in society. Gender defines who leaves and who stays behind in the place of origin, or the extent from which the youth travels outside of their own communities. This collection is possibly the first to present the intersection of gender and youth migration with encompassing themes related to imperial histories, negotiating identities, education, and work using diverse studies in Canada, France, Hungary, Bangladesh, Turkey, Italy, Albania, Ethiopia, U.K. and the U.S. Gendered modalities suggest that there are particular ways or modes in which gender as a system of power relations become manifest in youth migration, either voluntarily or coerced, and consequently, their negotiation of structures and limiting social practices.Gender and youth are intrinsically connected to migration, and this book is about these connections in multidisciplinary perspectives in an increasingly globalized world.
This chapter adopts Critical Theory in introducing and examining the narratives of Filipino youth professionals in Alberta, Canada as reflective of the interplay of age, gender, and migration that influences or is influenced by the neoliberal policy regime of internationalization of education that, in turn, gives rise to instances of decredentialing and recredentialing within spatial (i.e., household and state) and power (patriarchy, ethnicity, capitalism) logics of both home and host countries. In particular, these narratives focus on Filipino youth in relation to their choice of upholding their basic human right of international mobility for the good life and their perceived educational preparedness in migrating to Alberta, Canada. The narratives uncover the nature of Alberta’s international education framework as procuring profit from Filipino youth professionals who end up as workers first and professionals second. Filipino youth professionals’ credentialing journey takes on the dynamics of the power logics of ethnicity and capitalism operating within the spatial logics of the household and the state that result in Canada’s dominance over their lives and exploitation of their creativity and labor. This chapter concludes with the call for Canada to review and reformulate Canadian (Albertan) policies as they relate to foreign-trained qualifications.
This chapter explores the intersectionality of seeking citizenship and gender on the movement strategies of undocumented youths by tracing the evolvement of the Undocuqueer movement within the overall undocumented youth movement in the United States since 2001. By analyzing both tactics and narrative self-representations of Undocuqueer activists, it describes the specificities of UndocuQueer challenges and opportunities in order to trace how LGBTQ representations of undocumented youth legitimized themselves within the larger scope of the movement. In the course of this discussion, it is clear that the UndocuQueer tactics are not be understood as a parallel occurrence to earlier representations of undocumentedness, but instead as an intersecting one in the fight for social justice, which almost organically grew from within the overall undocumented community.
Italy is experiencing a structural and multigenerational migratory presence in which new generations are increasingly obtaining access to the highest social and educational levels, including university. The presence of foreign students in Italian secondary schools has been extensively covered by research (especially regarding their presence in technical and vocational institutes, which formally open up to a university career but often cause a sort of school marginalisation that frequently results in social disadvantage) but little is known about their presence at the university level. It would be simplistic to assume that those students who enrolled at university had never experienced any trouble in their pre-university or university career. In this chapter, the phenomenon of second-generation immigrant students will be quantitatively contextualised, with specific regard to foreign students in Italian universities, and with a descriptive analysis on the impact of gender on education. The aim of the chapter is to analyse the multifaceted educational paths of young people, those under 35 years old, born in Italy to foreign parents (or who moved to Italy later), their expectations and the real opportunities offered to them.
Youth migration is a global phenomenon, and it is gendered. This collection presents original studies on gender and youth migration from the 19th century onwards, from international and interdisciplinary perspectives.
An international group of contributors explore the imperial histories of youth migration, their identities and sexualities, the impact of education, policies and practices, and the roles, contribution and challenges of young migrants in certain industries and services, as well as in communities.
These cross-disciplinary themes include cases from Albania, Bangladesh, Canada, Ethiopia, France, Hungary, Italy, Philippines, Senegal, Syria, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
