SDG 8 aims to promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. Browse books and journal articles relating to this SDG below and find out more on the UN Sustainable Development Goals website.
Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
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This chapter explains the aims of the book and the focus on listening to the voices of paid care workers in four countries – Canada, Finland, South Africa and the UK. It describes the particular care workers we worked with in each country and briefly discusses the organisation of paid care work in each country. It outlines the qualitative methods of research that we used and our interest in finding out about care workers’ experiences and feelings during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The chapter then discusses the four key concepts that run through the subsequent empirical chapters: intersectionality; caring in time-space; vulnerability; and agency. The chapter ends by outlining the focus of the chapters.
Digitalizing the public justice system might appear to be a challenge that cannot be undertaken in a flash. In this chapter, we show how courts ensured, for example, the fair handling and assessment of evidence, how they organized trials in virtual courtrooms, and how they protected the democratic freedoms and rights of defendants, witnesses, and how crime victims were safeguarded when legal proceedings took place remotely. The COVID-19 pandemic shows that radical changes in one of the central societal institutions can in fact be made quickly, though without the possibility to foresee what these changes may entail.
This book offers a unique perspective on Sweden’s COVID-19 response in its publicly funded welfare sector, which was initially highly criticised but later recognised as exemplary on the global stage in the aftermath of the pandemic.
Using diaries, stories and interviews from 73 workers across 30 professions, it reveals the everyday experiences of those maintaining welfare services, both on the front lines and behind the scenes. Covering 2020 to 2022, it spans major cities and smaller municipalities across Gothenburg, Uppsala and Stockholm and introduces 'pandemicracy,' a concept exploring pandemic-era governance and organisation of the public sector.
This insightful analysis sparks a wider discussion on adapting to unforeseen challenges in public welfare.
On 5 May 2023, World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General Tedros Ghebreyesus declared the COVID-19 pandemic over. According to the WHO, the virus continues to kill and mutate, but it no longer poses a threat to public health. During the more than three-year pandemic, the virus infected 765 million people and killed 6.9 million. Europe was the continent most affected, with almost 3 million deaths due to, or as a result of, the infection. In Sweden, life had already transitioned to a post-pandemic state in the late spring of 2022. The period since then that has passed since then has offered numerous evaluations, reflections and reviews of how the pandemic was handled in different areas and what consequences it had. At the same time, media coverage, and thus public interest in the pandemic, has waned. The outbreak of war in Ukraine in the spring of 2022 and the subsequent economic developments, with increased inflation, galloping energy prices and rising interest rates, have quickly taken over the media agenda. In light of these dramatic developments, thus, the chapter put the pandemic in a broader perspective where it has come to be regarded as a crisis that is both linked to and parallel with other existing and anticipated crises.
Care work is gendered. In addition to it being feminised, intersections of class, gender, race, nationality and documented status shape women’s experiences of care work. Care work is also, across a range of contexts, undertaken by migrant women who lack social support or protection and end up in low-paying, exploitative jobs. Transnational migrant workers find themselves in a particularly precarious position, having been hardest hit by COVID-19. This chapter illuminates the intersections between migrant labour and care work through the narratives of domestic workers. It reports on a photovoice project with migrant domestic workers in Cape Town, South Africa, looking at their experiences of performing care work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that migrant domestic workers’ everyday experiences are shaped by the intersections of race and class, exacerbating their vulnerability.
The idea for this book was originally formulated in March 2020, when, surprised by the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus, we realized there was a unique opportunity to document the impact of the pandemic on people working in various parts of public welfare. The chapter introduces the focus of our field studies on workers who were acting in the shadow of the pandemic – that is, in areas of welfare that are not usually associated with professions and occupations fighting COVID-19 ‘on the front line’. As social scientists who had studied the Swedish public welfare sector for many years, we saw an opportunity to follow challenges and changes in work tasks and working conditions for teachers and healthcare professionals, as well as librarians, day-care staff, government investigators, municipal administrators and many other public sector workers.
During the pandemic, maintaining the activities that fall under the responsibility of libraries proved to be more than just a matter of finding alternative and/or ‘contagion-proof’ ways of lending books, organizing author presentations and ensuring access to essential information and knowledge. The news reports and librarians’ own stories presented in this chapter remind us that the library’s mission is much broader and that it is the foundation of many of the democratic processes on which our society is based.
Many of our interviewees talked about ‘working miracles’ when they described their situation during the pandemic. On the one hand, working during the pandemic was difficult and challenging; it almost took magic to overcome the challenges they faced. On the other hand, they were undoubtedly proud of what they had achieved. In this chapter, we summarize our interviewees’ description of their work under three themes: the relationship with digital tools, the positive and negative aspects of telework and the many and varied emotions the pandemic evoked. We present a general picture based on the accounts of people in some 30 different professions and occupations in Swedish public authorities and municipal welfare organizations. In the following part of the book, we describe experiences from three specific sectors: schools, libraries and courts.
During the second period of the pandemic, the new practices became part of the ‘new normal’. The key word was ‘adaptation’, as both organizations and their employees showed a great ability to transform their ways of working and an awareness of the need to do so. The stories from the public sector during this period and presented in this chapter are characterized by three themes: evaluation of the pandemic measures and their short- and long-term effects, increased media coverage of the pandemic and differences in the impact of the pandemic on different parts of the country.
The study on which this book is based explores how various professions/occupations in the public sector carried out their tasks in circumstances that were completely new. But we have also noticed that the extraordinary situation created by COVID-19 affected the relationship between professions closest to the core of welfare activities and the organizations that house their activities. This chapter therefore explores how the public sector was organized and governed in this dramatic and transformative period, and whether this sector, and the rest of society, have developed preparedness for future crises. What happens when ordinary economic, political and labour law conditions for public activities become limited or redefined? Were national and regional authorities, municipalities and welfare units still able to function in such extraordinary times?’ or ‘Did national and regional authorities, municipalities and welfare units have the capacity to function in such such extraordinary circumstances?
